a) Conditional 0
Situations that are always true if something happens.
If you heat water, it boils.
If you don´t water your plants, they die.
If you don´t water your plants, they die.
Conditional 0 is
formed by the use of the present simple in the if clause followed by
a comma the present simple in the result clause. You can also put the
result clause first without using a comma between the clauses.
Water boils if you heat it.
Your plants die if you don´t water them.
Your plants die if you don´t water them.
b) Conditional 1
Often called the "real" conditional because it is used for real - or possible - situations. These situations take place if a certain condition is met.
In the
conditional 1 we often use UNLESS which means 'if ... not'. In other words, '...unless he
hurries up.' could also be written, '...if he doesn't hurry up.'
If it rains, we will stay at home
He will arrive late unless he hurries up.
Peter will buy a new car, if he gets his raise.
Unless you invite her, she won´t come to your party.
Peter will buy a new car, if he gets his raise.
Unless you invite her, she won´t come to your party.
Conditional 1 is formed by the use of the present simple in the if clause
followed by a comma will verb (base form) in the result clause. You can also
put the result clause first without using a comma between the clauses.
If he finishes on time, we will go to the movies/We will go to the movies if he finishes on time.
c) Conditional 2
Often called the
"unreal" conditional because it is used for unreal - impossible or improbable situations. This conditional
provides an imaginary result for a given situation.
The verb 'to be', when used in the 2nd conditional, is always conjugated as 'were'.
If he studied more, he would pass the exam.
If I was/were you, I would study harder to pass my exams.
If I was/were you, I would study harder to pass my exams.
Conditional 2 is formed by the use of the past simple in the if clause followed by a comma would verb (base form) in the result clause. You can also put the result clause first without using a comma between the clauses.
If they had more money, they would buy a new house/They would buy
a new house if they had more money.
d) Conditional 3
Often referred
to as the "past" conditional because it concerns only past situations with hypothetical results. Used
to express a hypothetical result to a past given situation.
If he had known that, he would have decided differently.
Conditional 3 is
formed by the use of the past perfect in the if clause followed by a
comma would have past participle in the result clause. You can also put the result
clause first without using a comma between the clauses.
If Alice had won the competition, life would have changed / Life would have changed if Alice had won the competition.
If Alice had won the competition, life would have changed / Life would have changed if Alice had won the competition.
EXERCISES:
1.- Conditionals 0, 1, 2.
The police ______________________ (arrest) him if they ____________________(catch) him (1)
- What ______________________ (happen) if my parachute __________________(not open)? (1)
- I ______________________ (be) angry if he _____________________(make) more mistakes. (2)
- If I ____________________(lend) you 10 pounds, ______________________ (you, give) it back to me? (1)
- I ______________________ (not drink) that wine if I ______________________ (be) you. (2)
- If you ______________________ (paint) the walls white, the room ______________________ (be) much brighter (1).
- I ____________________________ (can repair) the roof myself if I ______________________ (have) a ladder. (2)
- Photos______________________ (be) better if you __________________ (use) a flashlight. (0)
- You ______________________ (not have) so many accidents if you ______________________ (drive) more slowly (2)
- What ______________________ (you, do) if you ______________________(hear) the alarm? (2)
- If you ______________________ (go) to Paris where ______________________ (you stay)? (1)
- If everybody ______________________ (give) me 3 pounds we ______________________ (have) enough. (1)
- We ______________________ (invite) him if he ______________________ (be)at home(2)
- I ______________________ (put)some money into the bank if I ______________________
- If I ________________________ (be) late for work, my boss ___________________ (get) angry (0)
- I ______________________ (offer) them coffee and cake as soon as they ___________________ (come) over (1)
- If you ______________________ (ring) the bell someone ______________________ (surely answer) it (1)
- If the professor ______________________ (speak) clearly we ______________________ (understand) him better (2)
2.- Mixed Conditionals. Write the correct verb tense.
The police ______________________ (arrest) him if they ____________________(catch) him (1)
- What ______________________ (happen) if my parachute __________________(not open)? (1)
- My mother___________________(help) me with my homework if I (ask) ________________her (0)
- I ______________________ (be) angry if he _____________________(make) more mistakes. (2)
- If I ____________________(lend) you 10 pounds, ______________________ (you, give) it back to me? (1)
- I ______________________ (not drink) that wine if I ______________________ (be) you. (2)
- If you ______________________ (paint) the walls white, the room ______________________ (be) much brighter (1).
- I ____________________________ (can repair) the roof myself if I ______________________ (have) a ladder. (2)
- Photos______________________ (be) better if you __________________ (use) a flashlight. (0)
- You ______________________ (not have) so many accidents if you ______________________ (drive) more slowly (2)
- What ______________________ (you, do) if you ______________________(hear) the alarm? (2)
- If you ______________________ (go) to Paris where ______________________ (you stay)? (1)
- If everybody ______________________ (give) me 3 pounds we ______________________ (have) enough. (1)
- We ______________________ (invite) him if he ______________________ (be)at home(2)
- I ______________________ (put)some money into the bank if I ______________________
(have)some left (2)
- If I ________________________ (be) late for work, my boss ___________________ (get) angry (0)
- I ______________________ (offer) them coffee and cake as soon as they ___________________ (come) over (1)
- If you ______________________ (ring) the bell someone ______________________ (surely answer) it (1)
- If the professor ______________________ (speak) clearly we ______________________ (understand) him better (2)
1. If Mr Brown (sell) his car
last year, he would have got more money for it.
2. If Susan takes her driving
lessons regularly, she (pass) her driving test.
3. If Mr Jones (watch)
the news every evening, he would know more about politics.
4. If Charlie (not stop)
eating these green apples, he’ll soon feel sick.
5. If you had told me the truth, I (help) you.
6. If old Mrs White heard a strange noise, she (call) the police.
6. If old Mrs White heard a strange noise, she (call) the police.
3.-
End these conditional sentences.
1 If I were you...
2 I won´t go to
university if...
3 Would your
sister take the job if...?
4 If Lucy had
invited us to her wedding...
5 Jack will have
a party on Friday if...
6 If the local
shop's closed...
7 Unless he
phones me...
4.- IF or UNLESS? Circle the correct
word.
1.
if/ unless you think about it you will make the right decision.
2.
if/unless I'm mistaken,that's certainly Mr Jones.
3.
if/unless it's very cold,we will probably not have snow.
4.
if/unless Mr Jones comes to visit us we won't have a party.
5.
if/unless you use high quality material, you can't build a good house.
6.
if/unless you finish work early,we can play tennis.
7.
if/unless you don't keep your promises,you 'll lose your friends.
8.
if/unless you study hard,you won't get a scholarship.
9.
if/unless you told me what you want I could get it for you.
5.- Rephrasing sentences.
1.
They won´t let her in if she doesn´t have a ticket
Unless…
2. People don´t do enough exercise, so there is a lot of heart disease.
If…
3. She looked in the papers; that´s why she saw the ad
If…
4. We won´t go to see that film if you don´t want to.
Unless…
5. There are too many cars; that´s why the city is polluted.
If…
6. She didn´t speak German well, so she didn’t apply for the job.
If…
7. The doctor
will not see you if you do not telephone first
Unless…
8. People drive too fast, so there are a lot of accidents.
If…
9. I lost your number; that´s why I didn´t phone you.
If…
10.
You can´t go if they don´t invite you.
Unless…
11. People watch too much TV, so they don´t have time for reading.
People…
12- Jane didn´t come in her usual train, that´s why I didn´t see her.
If…
13. Elizabeth has to work in the evening, so she can´t go to
concerts.
If…
14. Sally broke her leg, so she didn´t go on holiday.
If…
15. It´s not a good idea to go there.
If I…
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