Present Perfect (3rd Secondary)
I know that Present Perfect is not an easy verb tense to learn. Here you have a short summary in Spanish about its use.
En inglés utilizamos el tiempo presente perfecto cuando existe una conexión o relación entre el pasado y el presente. Tiene dos usos principales:
a) Lo utilizamos cuando nos encontramos interesados en el resultado presente de algo que ocurrió en un momento no definido del pasado:
- The secretary has decided to look for a new job.
La secretaria ha decidido buscar un nuevo trabajo.
- I'm afraid I have forgotten your name.
Me temo que he olvidado tu nombre.
b) Lo utilizamos para hablar acerca de una acción o situación que comenzó en el pasado y aún continúa:
- How long have you worked here?
¿Cuánto tiempo has trabajado aquí?
- She has been away on business since last week.
Ella se ha ausentado por negocios desde la semana pasada.
- I haven't seen Sylvia for several years.
No he visto a Silvia durante varios.
Con el presente perfecto utilizamos How long...? (¿Cuánto tiempo...?) en preguntas relacionadas con la duración y for (durante) o since (desde) para las respuestas.
- How long have you worked here?
¿Cuánto tiempo llevas trabajando aqui?
Observa que usamos for para expresar la duración de una acción, y since para indicar cuándo comenzó la acción.
- I've worked here for twelve months (for twenty years, etc).
He trabajado aquí durante doce meses (durante veinte años, etc)
- I've worked here since January (since 1990, since Christmas, etc).
He trabajado aquí desde Enero (desde 1990, desde Navidad, etc)
A menudo el presente perfecto se utiliza con los adverbios just (justo/acabar de), yet (aún/todavia), still (todavía), already (ya), ever (alguna vez), never (nunca), recently (recientemente), lately (últimamente), so far (hasta aquí), up to now (hasta ahora).
Observa algunos ejemplos:
- They 've just signed an important contract.
Ellos acaban de firmar un importante contrato.
(RECUERDA: Present Perfect + JUST + participio - Acabar de hacer algo)
- Sheila has already arrived home.
Sheila ya ha llegado a casa.
- Sheila hasn't received an answer yet.
Sheila no ha recibido respuesta aún.
- Have you ever used this type of machine?
¿Has utilizado alguna vez este tipo de máquina?
- We've had good results so far.
Hasta aquí hemos obtenido buenos resultados.
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