Reported Speech (4th Secondary)

Cuando una persona desea comunicar lo que otra ha dicho, dispone de dos posibilidades: repetir las palabras textuales (Estilo Directo / Direct Speech) o adaptar las palabras de esa persona a su propia frase con las consiguientes modificaciones (Estilo Indirecto / Reported Speech)

En Estilo indirecto:

• Siempre daremos un paso atrás en el tiempo verbal, salvo que la situación esté vigente aún.
• Cambiarán referencias personales, tiempo y lugar, según contexto.

Cambios verbales: 



Cambios en tiempo y lugar: 

Se pueden pasar a estilo indirecto distintos tipos de mensajes:

1.- Enunciados - STATEMENTS

Proverbs and Quotations (Passive) - 4th Secondary

There are many  proverbs and quotations in English with passive structures which can help you understand life and language at the same time. Have a look and enjoy them.

• Wisdom is only found in truth. (J. W.  Goethe)
• An injury is much sooner forgotten than an insult. (Ph. Chesterfield)
• He who commits injustice is ever made more wretches than he who suffers it. (Plato)
• If on Parnassus Top you sit You rarely bite, are always bit. (J. Swift)
• Even when laws have been written down, they ought not always to remain unaltered. (Aristotle)
• When peace has been broken anywhere, the peace of all countries everywhere is in danger. (F. D. Roosevelt)
• What is written without effort is in general read without pleasure. (S. Johnson)
• New opinions are always suspected, and usually opposed, without any other reason but because they are not already common. (J. Locke)
• The die is cast. (Caesar)
• Draw the curtain, the farce is played. (F. Rabelais)
• Libraries are not made, they grow. (A. Birrell)
• Common sense is the most widely shared commodity in the world, for every man is convinced that he is well supplied with it. (R. Descartes)
• Persons attempting to find a motive in this narrative will be prosecuted; persons attempting to find a moral in it will be banished; persons attempted to find a plot in itwill be shot. (M. Twain)
• When Thales was asked what was most difficult, he said, “To know on one’s self.” And what was easy, “To advise another.” (Diogenes)

A pencil that grows

What if instead of throwing your pencil stubs away you could use them and get a plant? Yesterday I read on Facebook about SPROUT, a pencil that grows!

When this pencil is too short to use,  you can plant it to grow 13 different types of herbs. A good idea to wake up children´s environmental and recycling awareness, at home with your own children or  with your pupils at school. You can find them at some  stationeries, SPROUT web-shop and on Amazon

Passive Exercises (Present Simple/Past Simple) 3rd Secondary

Exercise 1 

Change the following sentences into the passive voice.

The boy asked a difficult question.

She writes very good novels.

The terrorist shot the policemen

The police caught the thief.

I didn´t paint that picture

Farmers grow soy in Argentina.  

Lennon and McCartney wrote the song Yesterday.

El Greco painted The Burial of the Count of Orgaz. 

Engineers design bridges.

The airline sent our passage to Australia by mistake. 

 You don’t find penguins at the North Pole. 

 Columbus didn’t discover America in 1491. 

They draw some paintings.  

 My uncle  can ride a bicycle quite well. 

The child broke all the plates in the cupboard. 

jShe didn’t find the book. 

Exercise 2

Put these questions into the passive.

a) When did Pasteur discover Penicillin? 

b) How do people make sushi? 

c) Where do people speak Mandarin? 

d) Did Spain win the last basketball Olympics? 

e) Do people speak English in Hawaii? 

f) Who directed the film Princesas? 

Exercise 3. 

Complete using a passive tense.

1. How many newspapers(print) in Britain every day?
2. Who(this play / write) by?
3. German(speak) in Germany, Austria, and part of Switzerland.
4. The royal wedding(watch) by millions of people in 2011.
5. Nowadays, a lot of computers(make) in Korea.
6. The Harry Potter films(not direct) by Steven Spielberg.
7. How much(paper / recycle) in Poland each year?
8. In the UK, alcohol(not sell)to anyone under 18. It's against the law.

Vocabulary: the environment (3rd Year Secondary)

acid rain - lluvia ácida
carbon dioxide - dióxido de carbono
chemicals - sustancias químicas
climate change - cambio climático
conservation - conservación
contaminant - contaminante
contamination - contaminación
deforestation - deforestación
eco-friendly - que no daña el medio ambiente
ecological - ecológico
ecologist - ecologista
ecosystem - ecosistema
effluent - aguas residuales
endangered species - especies en peligro de extinción
environment - medio ambiente
environmental - medioambiental
environmentalist - ecologista
environmentally friendly - que no daña el medio ambiente
extinction - extinción
global warming - calentamiento global
greenhouse effect - efecto invernadero
noise pollution - contaminación acústica

nuclear radiation - radiación nuclear
organic - orgánico
ozone - ozono
ozone-friendly - que no daña la capa de ozono
ozone layer - capa de ozono
pollution - contaminación
radioactive substance - sustancia radiactiva
radioactive waste - residuos radiactivos
radioactivity - radiactividad
recyclable - reciclable
recycled - reciclado
recycling - reciclaje
reforestation - repoblación forestal
sewage - aguas residuales
sewage farm - estación depuradora
smog - smog

solar energy - energía solar
sulphur dioxide - dióxido de azufre
toxic waste - residuos tóxicos
waste disposal - eliminación de residuos
wind power - energía eólica
to become - extinct extinguirse
to conserve - conservar
to contaminate - contaminar
to die out - extinguirse
to poison - envenenar
to pollute - contaminar
to recycle - reciclar